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[科技报道】:ScientistsExcitedbyPotentialNewForceofNature

ByDanFriedell

18April

Haveyoueverheardofamuon?

Amuonisaverysmallparticlesimilartoanelectron.Electronsandprotonsarepartsoftheatomsthatmakeupallmatter.

ThetesttrackscientistsareusingtoobservemuonparticlesoutsideofChicago,IllinoisattheFermilab.(ReidarHahn/FermilabviaAP)

Muonswerediscoveredduringanexperimentin.Untilnow,mostphysicistshaveonlybeenabletostudymuonsforanextremelyshortperiodoftime:twomicroseconds.Thereareonemillionmicrosecondsinonesecond.

Butscientistsareusingnewtechnologytostudytheseparticlesforalongerperiodoftimethaninthepast.Andwiththatextratime,theythinktheyhavemadeanexcitingdiscovery.Bywatchingthemuons,theyfoundthattheseparticlesdonotbehaveaspredicted.

Scientistshavedevelopedagroupofexpectations,orrules,intheyearsthattheyhavestudiedparticlesthataresmallerthananatom.ThatgroupofrulesiscalledtheStandardModel.

ScientistsagreedontheStandardModelabout50yearsago.TheStandardModelletsphysicistsmakeassumptionsaboutthewayextremelysmallparticlesmove.Overtime,experimentshaveprovedthattheassumptionsoftheStandardModelarecorrect.

However,resultsoftwodifferentrecenttestsinEuropeandAmericahavescientiststhinkingagainabouttheirideas.

ThescientistswhoworkattheresearchcentercalledFermilab,nearChicago,Illinoishavedone8.2billiontestswithmuons.Theysendthemarounda14-metermagnetictrack.Thespecialtrackkeepsthemuonsfromdisappearingforlongerthanusual,sotheycanbestudied.ThetestsshowedscientiststhatthemuonswerebehavingdifferentlythantheStandardModelpredicted.

IntestsgoingonataresearchcenternearGeneva,Switzerland,scientistscrashparticlesknownas"beautyquarks"intoeachother.TheStandardModelsaysthesecrashesshouldproduceanequalnumberofelectronsandmuonseachtime.However,researcherslookedatdataoverseveralyearsandfound15percentmoreelectronsthanmuonsresultedfromthecollisions.Theyhadexpectednearlyanequalnumberofbothparticles.

ThephysicistsareexcitedtobeabletoquestiontheStandardModel.Theythinkitmeansanimportantdiscoverymightbe

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